Department of Chemistry



phone no: 07018520071
DETERMINATION OF CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN CONTENTS
IN SELECTED PLANT BIOMASS







BY







 PRINCESS OFUNEH
(MAT NO.:FNS/CHM/14/1377)






A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY,  FACULTY PHYSICAL SCIENCES FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY (B.Sc. CHM) AMBROSE ALLI UNIVERSITY, EKPOMA, EDO STATE.












NOVEMBER, 2018.






CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this work was carried out by  PRINCESS OFUNEH (MAT NO.:FNS/CHM/14/13577) of the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences , Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria.
……………………………………                                ………………………
      Mrs. M. E. Chukwuedo                                                        Date
          Project Supervisor
                                                                    

                                 
……………………………………                                 ………………………..                    Dr. Mrs. A. Odia Ag.                                                             Date
       Head of Department
        




  





DEDICATION
This Research work is dedicated to God Almighty and my parents Mr. and Mrs. Kolawole Ilabeshi.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my profound gratitude to God Almighty for the strength, knowledge and wisdom given to me during this project work.
I also want to appreciate my supervisor, Mrs.  M.  E.  Chukwuedo, for how great supervision encouragement during my project research work.
I will not fail to acknowledge the head of department Dr. Mrs. A. Odia who is also my able cause advicer for her unrelenting effort and advice and to to all the lecturers Prof. I.  O.  Eguavoen, Prof. Steve Okecha, Prof. M.  O.  Osuide,  Prof. I. O. Asia, Prof. Egharevba, Prof. V. U. Okojie, Dr.  Jatto, Dr. O. K. Ize-Iyamu, Mr.  M. C. Azih and Mr. Abdul Shaka and to all the Laboratory Technologist.
My unreserved appreciation to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Kolawole Ilabeshi for all their support and love I to my lovely siblings Anthony Theophilus Ilabeshi for being there for me at all time I to my friends who stood by me I to my special friend for financial assistance may God bless you all

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page……………………………………………………………….       i
Certification……………………………………………………………..     ii
Dedication……………………………………………………………….     iii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………     iv
Table of Content………………………………………………………..     v
Abstract…………………………………………………………………      vii

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION/LITERATURE REVIEW

1.0     Background of the Study………………………………………………….          1
1.1     Research Problem…………………………………………………………  4       
1.2     Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………… 5
1.3     Significance of the Study…………………………………………………. 5
1.4     Objective of the Study…………………………………………………….  6
1.5     Methodology………………………………………………………………  6
1.6     Organization of the Study…………………………………………………          7
1.7     Definition Terms …………………………………………………………   7
1.8     Literature Review…………………………………………………………  8

CHAPTER TWO
MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.0     Reagents………………………………………………………………......   20
2.1     Equipments/Apparatus………………………………………………….    20
2.3     Chemicals and Reagents preparation…………………………………..   21
2.4     Experimental procedure………………………………………………...    22
2.5     Details of procedure……………………………………………………..    25




CHAPTER THREE
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 

3.1     Result………………………………………………………………………. 29
3.2     Discussion………………………………………………………………….. 32
3.3     Conclusion…………………………………………………………………. 35
3.4     Recommendation………………………………………………………….. 35
Reference………………………………………………………….    36    
            Appendix I…………………………………………………………………  38
          Appendix II………………………………………………………………..  44

Abstract
Determining the content of cellulose and lignin in biomass can be highly accurate, but are time-consuming, laborious and expensive. These methods measure the weight difference after treatments using KOH,H,SO, and other reagents, and are not easily scaled-up to analyze hundreds or thousands of samples that would be needed for germplasm evaluation and plant breeding. Thus, inexpensive, high throughput and real-time quantification methods are needed to determine cell wall components for Miscanthus breeding. Visible and near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy is frequently used for rapid and reliable prediction of quality parameters in plants, food, animals and pharmaceuticals spectroscopy has been applied to the determination of plant cell wall components, such as hemicelluloses cellulose and lignin, Corn cobs, Groundnut shells, Plantain peels.

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