Project for department of education
A Study of Secondary School Teachers Attitude towards Physical Education
Chapter One
Introduction
Background of the Study
Physical Education is a systematic instruction in sports, training, practice, gymnastics, exercises, and hygiene given as part of a school or college program. Physical Education is the study, practice, and appreciation of the art and science of human movement. Physical Education is course in the curricula that utilizes the learning in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting (Kirui, 2007). In this study, it refers to an instructional program built around basic motor activities, which help achieve the goal of physical, emotional and mental wellbeing for every pupil, student and student-teachers. It includes education in health, hygiene, first aid, personal safety, and the teaching of manipulative skills. It is an integral part of the schooling process. In schools physical education is usually referred to by the abbreviation PE.
The teacher is considered to be the major and first instrument in education. School relies upon teacher in preparing generations of students and in facing problems that hinder their ability to perform duties represented in student progress and leveraging their level. There is no doubt that physical education course carries a primary significance among the entire student body with all their differences, status and experience. Thus, teacher is the corner stone in learning and teaching, and the most important factor in education process. This requires the availability of an effective teacher who seeks to be competent and influential. His desire stems from professional commitment to provide the best education possible to his student in one hand, and to his need in facing regulatory process and situations of management in learning environment, on the other hand. Abedalbasit, (2013) points out that revealing the importance magnitude of physical education is the school's responsibility. This can be achieved through providing sufficient opportunities to sports practicing, achieving physical fitness, adopt health information and habits, and safe attitudes in order to enable a physical education program that helps in stabilizing their emotions and assure themselves through several activities.
Recently the physical education profession has gained widespread popularity among prospective teachers. It is viewed as "the renaissance of the new millennium" in the 21st century. Advocators to this view mentioned that the starting point to achieving this mission is by outstanding work done by physical education specialists, as this will provide the link between benefits associated with participation in physical activities in the present and those in the future (Masurier& Corbin, 2006). Physical education specialists are the most important group that can provide deliberate physical education activities leading our generation to a more active and healthier lifestyle. Well-qualified prospective physical education teachers with high motivation to the teaching profession and having positive attitudes toward physical activities help in the realization of the objectives of the physical education programme. The conjunction between attitudes and motivation creates action. Each one has an influence on the other and our attitudes are encouraged by motivation (Piipari, Watt, Jaakkola, Liukkonen, Nurmi, 2009). Tuckman (2005) argued that without positive attitudes no desired behavior is expected. That means if a person does not have a positive attitude toward an object, no action is expected. For example, if physical education candidates do not have positive attitudes toward physical activities, we don't expect them to be highly motivated toward teaching physical education programs.
Physical education teachers hold the main responsibility in conducting different educational activities. Therefore, they must obtain the need knowledge as well as skills which are the main requirements in teaching. Therefore, taking care of education is the first step in reforming education and providing teachers with needed competencies is the most efficient method in improving learning especially in physical education (Al-tamimi, 2009).Teachers’ trends and attitudes play important role in guiding and developing their teaching behavior. Attitudes can be defined as (A feeling accompany individual‘s attention to the issue of what is the direction of myself or characterized by a concentration of attention on a particular topic.
Furthermore, they are a predisposition or a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, object, person, or situation. Attitude influences an individual's choice of action, and responses to challenges, incentives, and rewards.
Four major components of attitude are:
(1) Affective: emotions or feelings.
(2) Cognitive: belief or opinions held consciously.
(3) Conative: inclination for action.
(4) Evaluative: positive or negative response to stimuli (Ahmad, 2000).
Those issues are of a great interest to scholars and teachers in physical education as it is related closely to the motivation of carrying out all sports activities as they are differ from one person to another and can effect (effective teaching) greatly .Therefore, the current study aims to investigate A Study of Secondary School Teacher’s Attitude towards Physical Education. Therefore, it is not only schools that have been identified as having a key role to play, but it is also apparent that physical educators are becoming more accountable than ever before as their role continues to evolve and they pursue opportunities to facilitate activities that engage students and provide education on lifestyle choices and healthy behaviors. Schools are learning environments with the capacity to equip students with these attributes; however, it is the quality of the programs in schools that will ensure that young people are given the opportunities to become physically-educated individuals (Lee, Burgeson, Fulton, & Spain, 2007). Morgan and Hansen (2008) pointed out that barriers within schools that restrict teachers providing physical education programs have been classified as either institutional (outside the teachers’ control) or teacher- related (arising from the teachers’ behavior). The simplicity of this classification enables it to be applied to both primary and secondary school settings.
Efficient performance of physical education and sports programs in secondary schools encompass the determination, allocation and development of funds for the achievement of the school sports programs. Sport program requires a stable finance from time to time, simply because facilities such as courts and pitches are constructed and maintained for the use of the students. Equipment such as balls, nets, javelin, rackets, hockey sticks, bats, gymnastic and athletic (track and field) materials require either purchasing, replacement or repairs. Bucher and Krotee(2002) opined that facilities should be planned and constructed with an eye to the future. Too often, facilities are constructed and out-grown their use within a very short time. Most facilities constructed in our secondary schools are very difficult to expand or exchange. Igbanugo (2004) ascertained that athletes have been known to dropout of skip training because things (facilities and equipment) are either non-exist or inadequate.Physical education is considered to be a main branch in education taking its theories from the different sciences through the guided physical activity to prepare individuals in all levels and to enable them from adjusting with their daily life requirements.Physical Education in school plays an important role in educating and developing students’ attitudes and awareness towards sports, as the student learn and practice sports in school or in pastime will enable him to practice it in his daily life outside school (Al-shinawi, 2006).
Physical education teachers hold the main responsibility in conducting different educational activities. Therefore, they must obtain the need knowledge as well as skills which are the main requirements in teaching. Therefore, taking care of education is the first step in reforming education and providing teachers with needed competencies is the most efficient method in improving learning especially in physical education (Al-tamimi, 2009).
Moreover, teachers’ trends and attitudes play important role in guiding and developing their teaching behavior. Attitudes can be defined as (A feeling accompany individual‘s attention to the issue of what is the direction of myself or characterized by a concentration of attention on a particular topic (Al-sawari,1 996, 23).
1.1 Statement of Problem
Researchers think that teaching physical education can’t be achieved unless there are high qualified and enlightened teachers. This must accompanied with suitable preparation and qualification before service. Due to the work of researchers in the educational field they noticed weakness and negative attitudes towards physical education activities. Therefore, the current study is exploring A Study of Secondary School Teacher’s Attitude Towards Physical Education.
1.2 Objectives of the study
The objectives of this study are:
Investigating the attitudes of Physical Education Teachers towards the Effectiveness of Sport activities in secondary school.
Investigating the attitude of secondary school teachers towards personal infectiveness in physical education.
Chapter One
Introduction
Background of the Study
Physical Education is a systematic instruction in sports, training, practice, gymnastics, exercises, and hygiene given as part of a school or college program. Physical Education is the study, practice, and appreciation of the art and science of human movement. Physical Education is course in the curricula that utilizes the learning in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting (Kirui, 2007). In this study, it refers to an instructional program built around basic motor activities, which help achieve the goal of physical, emotional and mental wellbeing for every pupil, student and student-teachers. It includes education in health, hygiene, first aid, personal safety, and the teaching of manipulative skills. It is an integral part of the schooling process. In schools physical education is usually referred to by the abbreviation PE.
The teacher is considered to be the major and first instrument in education. School relies upon teacher in preparing generations of students and in facing problems that hinder their ability to perform duties represented in student progress and leveraging their level. There is no doubt that physical education course carries a primary significance among the entire student body with all their differences, status and experience. Thus, teacher is the corner stone in learning and teaching, and the most important factor in education process. This requires the availability of an effective teacher who seeks to be competent and influential. His desire stems from professional commitment to provide the best education possible to his student in one hand, and to his need in facing regulatory process and situations of management in learning environment, on the other hand. Abedalbasit, (2013) points out that revealing the importance magnitude of physical education is the school's responsibility. This can be achieved through providing sufficient opportunities to sports practicing, achieving physical fitness, adopt health information and habits, and safe attitudes in order to enable a physical education program that helps in stabilizing their emotions and assure themselves through several activities.
Recently the physical education profession has gained widespread popularity among prospective teachers. It is viewed as "the renaissance of the new millennium" in the 21st century. Advocators to this view mentioned that the starting point to achieving this mission is by outstanding work done by physical education specialists, as this will provide the link between benefits associated with participation in physical activities in the present and those in the future (Masurier& Corbin, 2006). Physical education specialists are the most important group that can provide deliberate physical education activities leading our generation to a more active and healthier lifestyle. Well-qualified prospective physical education teachers with high motivation to the teaching profession and having positive attitudes toward physical activities help in the realization of the objectives of the physical education programme. The conjunction between attitudes and motivation creates action. Each one has an influence on the other and our attitudes are encouraged by motivation (Piipari, Watt, Jaakkola, Liukkonen, Nurmi, 2009). Tuckman (2005) argued that without positive attitudes no desired behavior is expected. That means if a person does not have a positive attitude toward an object, no action is expected. For example, if physical education candidates do not have positive attitudes toward physical activities, we don't expect them to be highly motivated toward teaching physical education programs.
Physical education teachers hold the main responsibility in conducting different educational activities. Therefore, they must obtain the need knowledge as well as skills which are the main requirements in teaching. Therefore, taking care of education is the first step in reforming education and providing teachers with needed competencies is the most efficient method in improving learning especially in physical education (Al-tamimi, 2009).Teachers’ trends and attitudes play important role in guiding and developing their teaching behavior. Attitudes can be defined as (A feeling accompany individual‘s attention to the issue of what is the direction of myself or characterized by a concentration of attention on a particular topic.
Furthermore, they are a predisposition or a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, object, person, or situation. Attitude influences an individual's choice of action, and responses to challenges, incentives, and rewards.
Four major components of attitude are:
(1) Affective: emotions or feelings.
(2) Cognitive: belief or opinions held consciously.
(3) Conative: inclination for action.
(4) Evaluative: positive or negative response to stimuli (Ahmad, 2000).
Those issues are of a great interest to scholars and teachers in physical education as it is related closely to the motivation of carrying out all sports activities as they are differ from one person to another and can effect (effective teaching) greatly .Therefore, the current study aims to investigate A Study of Secondary School Teacher’s Attitude towards Physical Education. Therefore, it is not only schools that have been identified as having a key role to play, but it is also apparent that physical educators are becoming more accountable than ever before as their role continues to evolve and they pursue opportunities to facilitate activities that engage students and provide education on lifestyle choices and healthy behaviors. Schools are learning environments with the capacity to equip students with these attributes; however, it is the quality of the programs in schools that will ensure that young people are given the opportunities to become physically-educated individuals (Lee, Burgeson, Fulton, & Spain, 2007). Morgan and Hansen (2008) pointed out that barriers within schools that restrict teachers providing physical education programs have been classified as either institutional (outside the teachers’ control) or teacher- related (arising from the teachers’ behavior). The simplicity of this classification enables it to be applied to both primary and secondary school settings.
Efficient performance of physical education and sports programs in secondary schools encompass the determination, allocation and development of funds for the achievement of the school sports programs. Sport program requires a stable finance from time to time, simply because facilities such as courts and pitches are constructed and maintained for the use of the students. Equipment such as balls, nets, javelin, rackets, hockey sticks, bats, gymnastic and athletic (track and field) materials require either purchasing, replacement or repairs. Bucher and Krotee(2002) opined that facilities should be planned and constructed with an eye to the future. Too often, facilities are constructed and out-grown their use within a very short time. Most facilities constructed in our secondary schools are very difficult to expand or exchange. Igbanugo (2004) ascertained that athletes have been known to dropout of skip training because things (facilities and equipment) are either non-exist or inadequate.Physical education is considered to be a main branch in education taking its theories from the different sciences through the guided physical activity to prepare individuals in all levels and to enable them from adjusting with their daily life requirements.Physical Education in school plays an important role in educating and developing students’ attitudes and awareness towards sports, as the student learn and practice sports in school or in pastime will enable him to practice it in his daily life outside school (Al-shinawi, 2006).
Physical education teachers hold the main responsibility in conducting different educational activities. Therefore, they must obtain the need knowledge as well as skills which are the main requirements in teaching. Therefore, taking care of education is the first step in reforming education and providing teachers with needed competencies is the most efficient method in improving learning especially in physical education (Al-tamimi, 2009).
Moreover, teachers’ trends and attitudes play important role in guiding and developing their teaching behavior. Attitudes can be defined as (A feeling accompany individual‘s attention to the issue of what is the direction of myself or characterized by a concentration of attention on a particular topic (Al-sawari,1 996, 23).
1.1 Statement of Problem
Researchers think that teaching physical education can’t be achieved unless there are high qualified and enlightened teachers. This must accompanied with suitable preparation and qualification before service. Due to the work of researchers in the educational field they noticed weakness and negative attitudes towards physical education activities. Therefore, the current study is exploring A Study of Secondary School Teacher’s Attitude Towards Physical Education.
1.2 Objectives of the study
The objectives of this study are:
Investigating the attitudes of Physical Education Teachers towards the Effectiveness of Sport activities in secondary school.
Investigating the attitude of secondary school teachers towards personal infectiveness in physical education.
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